A second-degree burn occurs when the first layer of skin, the epidermis, is burned all the way through, and some level of burning occurs in the underlying layer of skin, called the dermis.
Second-degree burns turn the skin bright red. The skin can also appear blistered, swollen and moist in appearance. Blisters are the distinguishing characteristic of second-degree burns. Second-degree burns are extremely painful.
The following four types of burns can result in second-degree burns:
- thermal burns, or burns caused by heat or flames
- contact burns, burns caused by a hot surface like an iron, light bulb or muffler tail pipe
- scald, a burn caused by hot water, grease or radiator fluid
- sunburn, resulting from over exposure to the sun
Second-degree burns range from superficial to deep, and consequently, treatment varies along the spectrum. A deep second-degree burn can cause permanent scars, much like a third degree burn.
Immediate Care
- Call 911.
- Do not break or drain blisters.
- If skin is stuck to clothing, leave it that way.
- Place the burned area of skin under cool running water for 5 to 10 minutes. As a second choice, cover the area with a cool compress or towel. Never treat a burn with ice.
- Once immersed in cool water, carefully remove clothing.
- Pat area dry with a clean towel.
- Evaluate the victim for signs of shock, and treat accordingly.
- If possible, elevate burned area.
- Keep burned areas clean to prevent infection. Do not apply ointment, lotion, baking soda, butter, or cream.
